Desilet and Appel (2011), "Choosing a Rhetoric of the Enemy"

1. The comic frame requires the double vision of dramatic irony.

Desilet and Appel (2011) point out that Burke's comic frame asks individuals to view an issue from both sides. He illustrates this point by comparing it to a Shakespearean comedy in which the audience perspective of the character's mistakes joins with the audience perspective of identifying with the characters.  This "double vision" is the effect of looking from both inside and outside the situation.

2. This double vision is an effect of criticism.

To achieve Burke's "double vision" in the face of a perceived wrongdoing, Desilet and Appel (2011) argue that individuals must conduct a thorough critique of self and a thorough critique of the other. This should be combined with taking an attitude of the comic frame.

3. Through criticism, one can reach warrantable outrage while maintaining the preferable comic frame.