Rubin (1975), "The Traffic in Women"

1. Reproduction, and not necessarily capitalism, is the cause of women's oppression.

Rubin (1975) notes that women are oppressed by capitalism, but also in other societies that are not organized around capitalism. This is because societies have to account for both material needs and reproductive needs.

2. Reproduction is translated into oppression through the kinship system.

Marriage is a major element in gift exchange between clans. Marriage facilitates alliances between men by using women as the object of exchange. This is the basis for the kinship system. Women's oppression is the result of this social structure.

3. The sex/gender system cements the kinship economy in place.

The necessity of marriage in this system also necessitates sexuality. Since the society is based on marriage as gift exchange and reproduction system, males must be turned into men and females must be turned into women. Differences and complementarianism between the genders are emphasized, while sameness is dismissed. This sex/gender system maintains heteronormativity necessary for the political economy of marriage.