Frith and McRobbie (1978), "Rock and Sexuality"

1. Rock music pushes women into private sphere fantasies and men in public sphere fantasies.

Frith and McRobbie (1978) argue that the "cock rock" singer elicits identification by performing exaggeratedly masculine movements. In a culture of repressed female sexuality, women can't perform in this way. Without women performing as stars, female consumers have no outlet for identification. The female music consumer is pushed toward the domestic,l fantasizing about marriage and motherhood as partner to the star rather than fame and success as a star. Rock and pop thus create a gendered dichotomy in which men's contributions are a matter of public praise while women are relegated to the private sphere.

2. Rock music may also create a positive space for women.

Rock music may open up a space in which an exclusively female community can be built. though the space often revolves around male stars, it is importantly one of the few opportunities for girls to come together in the public sphere.