1. Biology may impact behavior, but behavior also impacts physiology. Therefore, it is impossible for science to determine which attributes are behavior and which are physiological.
Fausto-Sterling (1985) points out that scientists have tried to link behavioral differences to biological sex. She notes that these studies are often methodologically flawed. Since biological attributes and behavioral/social attributes work in a cycle with one another, it is impossible to draw a line between biology and behavior. This would fail even theoretically, but is particularly problematic for post-positivist scientific method.
2. Gendered differences in learning styles are not a result of biology. Instead, they are evidence of discrimination in educational systems.
A wider range of studies involving spatial and verbal intelligences demonstrates that differences within the sex categories are similar to differences between. Furthermore, in more egalitarian societies, no difference between biological sexes appear.
3. DNA coding cannot be linked directly with eventual trait development.
Genes must be understood in a larger context, since human development impacts the resulting gene performance.
4. Hormones can be both a cause and an effect of behavior and environmental conditions.
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